Instead the defects lay mainly in adjacent regions that turn the gene fully or partially on and off.

相反这些缺陷主要位于基因完全或部分开合的邻近区域里。

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When a cell has high levels of testosterone, RORA levels run low, which affects every gene that RORA is supposed to turn on.

当一个细胞的睾酮水平较高时，RORA基因水平就低，这就影响到RORA基因应该打开的每一个基因。

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When scientists connect a gene to a disease, they often don't know what that gene does-the protein it makes or the process it regulates-or what factors turn it on or off, up or down.

当科学家们将基因与特定疾病联系在一起的时候，往往不知道这些基因起什么作用——这些基因能产生何种蛋白质或控制哪个过程——还有什么因素会促使它们开或闭，激活或睡眠。

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When this bound receptor interacts with DNA it could, for example, turn on expression of a target gene.

该受体与DNA结合后能够,启动目标基因的表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Sangamo scientists tether to the zinc finger a protein that contains the instructions for the targeted gene: turn on, turn off, get louder, pipe down.

FORBES: Revolutionaries

Exposure to light changes the shape of the phytochrome, which allows it to turn a gene on, so the gene will produce its particular protein.

FORBES: Cyborg Yeast Have Their Genes Controlled By Computer

Simon Best, former head of plant science at Zeneca, looks forward to the day when molecular switches might be so sophisticated that the process of infection or drought will itself be enough to turn on a genetically engineered resistance gene.

ECONOMIST: Terminator genes